2nd puc computer science notes karnataka pdf

#2ND PUC COMPUTER SCIENCE NOTES KARNATAKA PDF ISO#

These are used to limit the type of data, that can go into a table., Some of the commonly used constraints are:, Primary Key, Foreign Key,, Not Null, Unique,, Default,, ➢ Primary Key Constraints:, This constraint defines a column or combination of columns which uniquely identifies each, row in the table., ➢ Foreign Key Constraints:, This constraint identifies any column referencing the PRIMARY KEY in another table., Department of Computer science,, 3,, M.V.KIRANKUMAR

Logical Operators, Arithmetic Operators:,, Department of Computer science,, Operator,, Name,, Example,, +,, Addition,, A+B,, -,, Subtraction,, A-B,, *,, Multiplication,, A*B,, /,, Division,, A/B,, %,, Modulus,, A%B,, 2,, M.V.KIRANKUMARĬomparison Operators or Relational Operators:, Operator,, Name,, Example,, =,, Equal to,, A=B,, !=,, Not Equal to,, A != B,, >,, Greater than,, A>B,, =, =B, A<=B,, Logical Operators:, ➢ AND:, The AND operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement's, WHERE clause., ➢ OR:, The OR operator is used to combine multiple condition s in an SQL statement's WHERE, clause., ➢ BETWEEN:, The BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are within set of values, given the, minimum value and the maximum value., ➢ IN:, The IN operator is used to compare a value to a list of literal values that have been specified., ➢ LIKE:, The LIKE operator is used to compare a value to similar values using Wild card operators., ➢ NOT:, The NOT operator reverses the meaning of the logical operator with which it is used.,, SQL Constraints:, Constraints are the rules enforced on data columns on table. Comparison Operators or Relational Operators, iii. It may be integer or floting value., Ex:, Marks NUMBER (3), Percentage NUMBER (3,2), ➢ CHAR:, It is used to store character type data in a column., Ex:, Name CHAR (8), ➢ VARCHAR / VARCHAR2:, It is used to store variable length alpha numeric data., Ex: Address VARCHAR2 (30), ➢ DATE:, It is used to store Dates in columns., Ex: DOB DATE, ➢ TIME:, It is used to store Times in columns., Ex: College TIME, ➢ LONG:, It is used to store variable length up to 2GB size., Ex: Description LONG, Operator in SQL:, There are 3 different types of SQL operators.

TCL – Transaction Control Language, These commands are used to control the transaction in a database., Some of the TCL commands are COMMIT, ROLLBACK etc., Department of Computer science,, 1,, M.V.KIRANKUMARĭata types in SQL:, Data type indicates the kind of value the field will contain., The following are the most common data types of SQL., ➢ NUMBER:, It is used to store a numeric value in a field column. DCL - Data Control Language:, These commands are used for providing security to database object., Some of the DCL commands are GRANT & REVOKE, 4. DML - Data Manipulation Language:, These commands are used for storing, retrieving and updating the data in the database., Some of the DML commands are INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, SELECT etc., 3. DDL - Data Definition Language:, These commands are used to define database schema, alter the database schema and drop the, database schema., Some of the DDL commands are CREATE, ALTER, DROP etc., 2. These components are Query Dispatcher, Optimization Engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL Query Engine, etc., SQL Commands:, The commands in SQL can be classified into four groups based on their nature:, 1.

#2ND PUC COMPUTER SCIENCE NOTES KARNATAKA PDF ISO#

CHAPTER 14, SQL Commands, SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a database language for storing, manipulating and, retrieving data stored in relational database., Features of SQL:, ✓ SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard computer language for creating and manipulating, database., ✓ SQL allows the user to create, update, delete and retrieve data from a database., ✓ SQL is very simple and easy to learn., ✓ All relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase and, SQL Server use SQL as standard database language., SQL ARCHITECTURE:,, There are various components included in the process.

2nd puc computer science notes karnataka pdf